Written in part: Bahai , a religion made by colonialism against Islam.
Sect making by colonialists
Colonialism and its sect making
Maryam Rafie
Paying attention to the effectiv and influential power of colonialists,their requirements must be cosidered as a basic variable in the growth and development of the sect that are related to their interest, such as Babism and Bahaism.In other words,the recognition of the position of these sects is needed to pay attention to their performance for colonial powers.In the following article,apart from introducing the mentioned sect briefly, the colonialists' aims in strengthening these sects and exploiting them have been studied and investiagted.
One of the apparent characteristics and specifications of Babi ( and Bahai which is originared from it) is dividing it info sect,classifications and branches continuously.Any way , originally Babi was one of the branches that occured in Sheikhi group and among the followers of sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee and seyyed Kazem Rashti and it was followed by enormous contiontation with the other branches of this group(under the leader ship of Haj Muhammad Karim khan Kermani and Mirza shafi'a Tabrizi and... in kerman,Tabriz and the other cities of Iran).some researchers believe that the Bab and Baha event ,has acted as a cultural bomb among Muslisms during their history that is an interesting change and it is worth to pay attention.
In investigating the gradual transition movment of these two sect, Bahai and Babi, it is observed that ofter Mirza Ali Mumhammad Sharazi's(Bab)death who waz the founder of Babi, a lot of dispersion were developed and different sect were created. Although, this sect making didn't end in destroying of dominent cultur e of shiite and the unity of Islamic society in our country,it seperated several of peaple from the body of faith authority dominated in the country and this action was benefitial for west colonialism.
Sects and branches of Babism and Bahaism
After the death of Ali Muhammad Bob, numorous dispersions were created.the important dispersion was created between his tow followers.
Mirza Yahya Sobh Azal and Mirza Hossein Ali Baha that this action divided his rite into two basic branches:Azali sect; Sobh Azali's followers who were faithful to Bab's rite and Bahai sect who tended to Baha and thought that he is the only reformer and the promised person whom God appears in him stated in the Bayan Book.meanwhile,Sobh Azal and Baha were brother and they were in the Cooperation with preaching Babi But after rivalry and dispersion which was created between them for presidancy of Babis,they resort to enemity,hostility and aspersion (and even preperation for assassination of each other).
The interpretationof this event must be searched in their books and their followers.
a) Azali sect
The doctrine of Azalis is the same as Babis and there aren't much differences between them.the only distincting aspectis that they believe in Sobhe Azal as the Bob's successor this sect is also called as Babi.Azali sect was overthrown gradually after Sobh Azal's death. The main reason of this event,was rejecting the sect leadership by Mirza Yahya Dolat Aabadi (formal successor of Sobh Azal)but also his advice to Azalis to follow shiite religion thathas explained in Hossein Makki's book.
B) Bahai sect
Mirza Hossien Ali Baha expanded the idea of divinity after arguing with his rival for about 24 years and became the leader of this sect.at the end of his life , he introduced his two son's: Mirza Abbas (Abbas Afandi) and Mirza muhammad Ali as his future successors. But, after Baha's death(1309)a severe dispersion was created between Abbas Afandi and Muhammad Ali. Both of them cursed each other.
Finally,Abbas Afandi could dominate his brother curiously of Bahai,for 10 years.After Abbas Afandi's death(1340),with his daughter's attemp and the support of British government in Palestine,his grandson(his daughter's son)called Shoghi Afandi(educated in England)became his successor and Bahai leader,because;Abbas Afandi didn't have a son.this succession created arguments and new branches among bahais too.this branch was the creating of "Sohrabi sect" which its leader was Mirza Ahmad Sohrab lone of the active and noted persons of Bahai sect at the time of Abbas Afandiand he was among the nearest to Abbas Afandi. He disobeyed Shoghi and disagreed him.most of Sohrabi's follower are in America now.furtheremore,following Abbas Afandi 's death,a great number of famous Bahai missionaries such as Abdul Hossein Avareh,Hassan Nikoo, Saleh Eghtesad, Fazallah Sobhi(Abbas Afandi's special secretary adn writer)mutinied against Shoghi Afandi and Bahai credo and returned to Islamic and revealed against Bahai and itsleaders.Shoghi Afandi(the fourth leader of Bab-baha's leader)died in London in 1957(1336)when he was 58 and had no offspring.his canadian window,Mr.Roohieh Maksoul, claimed that Shoghi hasn't left any will.Information people considered this claim as a doubtful one because Bahai Credo has emphasized in writting will by its followers.this doubt increased when he had a monopolistic behavior against some of high levelpeople of this credo and Shoghi's close co-worke (such as Meyson Reymi,an American)Shoghi Afandi established "international Bahai panel" (it is commemorized as the first embryo of "had Bahai's great home of justice") before his death and had appointed Meyson Reymi as a chairman of the important foundation .the other Maxol's action was the establishment of "home of justice"with out the persence of guardian which was the against the clear and continuous emphasis of first Bahai leaders and practically turned Bahai to legislatory deadlock.
Some of Shoghi's followers appoved Meyson Reymi(as Shoghi's successor)and gave him the title of "the second guardian". Meyson Reymi called his group"Ortodox Bahai" and Mrs Maxol didn't agree with selecting himto this post.the most of Bahais follow Maxol now.after a while ,a person called Jamshid Maani introduced himself as the leader of Bahais under the title of "Sama Allah"in Indonasia and found some fans there and the members of Bahai coteries of Pakistan joinedhim too. This advanture didn't end and also doesn't end with these statements.Apart from the mentioned sects,other sectsin Babiand Bahai doctrine such as Bayani and Merati sects appeared that we can not explain about them completely in the short time.
Nowadays,sevel groups have seperated from Bahai and continue thier activity under the title of Bahais-ex ,gay Bahais and reformer Bahai.
Nowedays,the majority of Bahais (Rouhieh Maxol' followers,Shoghi Afandi's window)are administered by the Concentricity of great home of justice in Israeel.
The member of home of justice are nine people in every period and in all of the periods, most of the chairs of home of justice were occupied with American and Iranian people .most of this sect's followers are in America and India.In addition to these two countries,their establishments have branches in African and Asian countries and are preaching their credo.
(The movement of creating Babi and Bahai sects from the beginning of Bab's emergence to now has shown in diagram1)
The purposes and motivations of colonialism conerning sect makings
During the history un breakable reseans and evidences prove that colonialism helped with continuing Babi Credo and especially Bahai Credo apparently or hiddenly not in appearance of them and now it helps.it takes a long time to investigate the reasons and evidences of this issue.after familiarizing with so-called valuable sects and branches of this false Credo,this basic question must be noted that what is the benefit of making sect and creating various branches in Holy Islam by colonialism?what are colonialism's purposes of strengthening and continuing this issue?
It's obvios that the main aim of hegemonism and dominanceregime is supermacy on the whole word and exploitation of nations.so,it continuoulsy tries to maintain its supremacy on the world through plundering of resources and supplies of countries and weakening their economy.Hegemonics of the world continuously try to destroy any resistance against their wave of greediness in order to keep the relationship of the invasion and conquerability of other communities.
Diagram 1
Sheikhi
Babi
Bahai Azali
Sohrabi rest of Bahai
Ortodox Bahai Maxol Bahais Jamshidi Bahais
With the glance to history, it is understood that colonialists have paid attantion to the eastern flourishing lands and to the eastern flourishing and full of mines lands particularly to the Middle East.Among the Middle East countries,Iran was plundered by greedy hegemonice because of its individualistic geographical situation and various resources and supplies.of course,in every period of time the muslim and liberal people of Iran have demonstrated wonderful scenes of resistance ,persistance and fighting againstdominance.with brief thinking about the interior situations and circumstance of Iran in the Qajar dynasty ( the time of appearance and emergance of Babies) it will be clear that the colonialist governments,Russia and Britain,completed with each other for the interests and privileges in Iran and at the end they were determined to divide Iran between each other, so that; after establishing parliamentry system in the first period of parliment ,1907 cotract,and its secret dialogues in 1915, it is indicated that they agreed to include the north of Iran for Russia and the south for Britian.
After the wars between Iran and the Russia, Russia mainly dominated on Iran government and Britia had maintained its old penetrating power in Iran.Imam Khomeyni(P.H)has told:"Hegemonism has studied about economic resources of Iran for 300 years and plundering Iran and easter countries' wealth is its most important aim."However,the religion of Iranian nation was a barrier against plundering of this country and prevented them from executingtheir ominous plan. The basic element of the unity of the nation that had leadership,establishment s and political authority was "shiit religion" or "pure Muhammadian Islam."
Since old colonialism, during its colonizing history,had curiously found that it can not achieve to its goal that is vanishing and destoying of Islam through the old and outdated method of the Crasades and military expedition,so;it intended to weaken it through some kinds of tricks and used other methods to achieve its goal.
In king Fathali era,Iran conquered Russia in the wars between Iran and Russia . so,the power of faith and people become definite for Russians.in king Naseraldin era,the first religious and national resistances against the cruel contoacts of strangers were performed.
Application and effectiveness of shiism after confrontation of clergymen against Royter contract specially afte Rejy event that leaded to famous movement of Tobacco and the victory of people and clergymen, enticed the attention of colonialist powers and they paid attention to the application of spies and different agentsfor exploitating this issue in order to the achieve their goals.at this time Bab and Baha's claims attracted the attention of foreign politicians to the continuation of the existence of this sect as a embryo which can be a serious threat for shiism,clergymen and preaching and defensive regime of shiit .so that, at early time they started strengthening motivating these claimants.in cotrast,Bahai and Azali leaders doubled thier allegiance to Britian and Russia embassy in order to execute the plans that were beneficial for them and attracted the attention of foreign politicians and actors by supporling of foreign policies. On the other hands,people of Iran who became exhausted of the severewars between Iran and ciarist Russiaduring the years before the emergence of Bob movement and of in capabilityof the Qjar governments,were seeking for spritual asylum.so, in that situation all of people are waiting for emergence of Hazrat Mahdi(P.H)to save Islamic nation from the cruelty of ciarist Russia, Britian's plunders and the government in power .these elements and factors caused for several people to obey and believe in Bab's claims and his followers and turned to them. They turned to false asylum instead of the true one . in this way,world hegemonism found that shiit religien and waiting and Mahdavi culture are the most barrier for their dominace on Iran.after that it created Zalleh sect using the people's ignorance and the other favorable fields and in this way attenpted to weaken the orginal culture of shiit.with causing disunion and tendency towards making party,they attacked to the authorityand unity of Muslim people of Iran and tried to humiliate nation identity and religious believes of Muslims in order to prepare the circumstance for accepting the western decadent culture in one way , and in other way they preached the shaky religions and schools extensivoly and strengthened them to achieve their goal that is vanishing and destroying of Islam.